Background
Various foot orthoses have been shown to alter tibialis anterior and peroneus longus electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity during walking. However, it is unclear whether these changes represent optimisation in muscle function. Therefore, two studies were conducted to determine; (i) whether people with flat-arched feet display altered muscle activity compared to those with normal-arched feet during gait and (ii) whether foot orthoses change muscle activity in people with flat-arched feet towards a pattern observed in those with normal-arched feet.
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